Understanding Patterns of User Visits to Web Sites: Interactive Star eld Visualizations of WWW Log Data

HTTP server log les provide Web site operators with substantial detail regarding the visitors to their sites. Interest in interpreting this data has spawned an active market for software packages that summarize and analyze this data, providing histograms, pie graphs, and other charts summarizing usage patterns. While useful, these summaries obscure useful information and restrict users to passive interpretation of static displays. Interactive starreld visualizations can be used to provide users with greater abilities to interpret and explore web log data. By combining two-dimensional displays of thousands of individual access requests, color and size coding for additional attributes, and facilities for zooming and ltering, these visualizations provide capabilities for examining data that exceed those of traditional web log analysis tools. We introduce a series of interactive starreld visualizations, which can be used to explore server data across various dimensions. Possible uses of these visualizations are discussed, and diiculties of data collection, presentation , and interpretation are explored.